abstract：:Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a regulatory peptide important for the growth and differentiation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes. Interaction of IL-2 with its specific receptor results in the promotion of S-phase progression as well as, in certain circumstances, the production and release of ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Farrar WL,Anderson WB

更新日期：1985-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Villin is an actin-binding protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 95,000 found in the core bundle of microfilaments in brush border microvilli from intestine. In physiological calcium concentrations (less than 1 microM), villin crosslinks actin filaments into bundles. However, in free calcium concentrations (greater ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Matsudaira P,Jakes R,Walker JE

更新日期：1985-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of homoeo box sequences in the genomes of vertebrates has suggested that these metazoans possess the equivalent of the homoeotic genes that have a key role in regulating the development of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. We report here that a novel murine homoeo box-containing gene is expressed in e...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Colberg-Poley AM,Voss SD,Chowdhury K,Gruss P

更新日期：1985-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The proteins encoded by the ras oncogene are thought to trigger expression of the transformed phenotype in some types of cancer cells. In human cells, the ras protein family consists of several members including normal (proto-oncogene) and mutant (oncogene) forms. In general, the proto-oncogene forms are thought to be...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Feramisco JR,Clark R,Wong G,Arnheim N,Milley R,McCormick F

更新日期：1985-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The products of six unidentified reading frames of human mitochondrial DNA are precipitated from a mitochondrial lysate by antibodies against highly purified native beef heart NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). These products are enriched greatly in a human submitochondrial fraction enriched in NADH-Q1 and NA...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chomyn A,Mariottini P,Cleeter MW,Ragan CI,Matsuno-Yagi A,Hatefi Y,Doolittle RF,Attardi G

更新日期：1985-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that the initiation step in mouse skin carcinogenesis involves an alteration in epidermal-differentiation, as mouse basal keratinocytes exposed to initiators resist the arrest of cell growth that is normally associated with the induction of terminal differentiation by calcium ions. The growth of ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yuspa SH,Kilkenny AE,Stanley J,Lichti U

更新日期：1985-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:As the extracellular matrix at the original site of a neuromuscular junction seems to play a major part in the specificity of synaptic regeneration, considerable attention has been paid to unique molecules localized to this region. Here we describe an extracellular matrix glycoprotein of the elasmobranch electric orga...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Caroni P,Carlson SS,Schweitzer E,Kelly RB

更新日期：1985-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The src gene product, p60src, of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase which is associated with the plasma membrane of infected cells. Myristic acid is bound in an amide linkage to glycine 2 of p60src. Of the N-terminal 30 kilodaltons of p60src, only amino acids 1-14 are required for myristyla...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pellman D,Garber EA,Cross FR,Hanafusa H

更新日期：1985-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene encoding the large-T protein of polyoma virus (plt), the E1A genes of adenoviruses, the viral myc gene (v-myc) or rearranged forms of the cellular c-myc gene confer on rat embryo fibroblast (REF) cells in primary culture a series of new properties ('immortality', reduced serum requirement and sensitivity to t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Connan G,Rassoulzadegan M,Cuzin F

更新日期：1985-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Skeletal muscles consist of motor units which may differ considerably in contractile properties and types of usage. Some units participate mainly in relatively rare, quick movements and contract rapidly and are easily fatigued (type FF); others contribute to the maintenance of posture and hence contract slowly and are...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hennig R,Lømo T

更新日期：1985-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The hope that hybridoma antibodies would reveal unique cell surface antigens during embryogenesis, differentiation and oncogenesis has been replaced by the realization that such antigens are mainly carbohydrate structures of glycoproteins and glycolipids occurring in many cell types. These findings either may reflect ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Feizi T

更新日期：1985-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The separation of ON and OFF channels and the development of an antagonistic surround occur at the first synapse in the vertebrate retina. This functional differentiation is mediated by the action of the photoreceptor neurotransmitter on the ON bipolar, OFF bipolar and horizontal cells, respectively. Glutamate mimics ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Slaughter MM,Miller RF

更新日期：1985-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The human alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) gene family consists of at least 14 potentially functional non-allelic members; the amino acid sequences they encode differ from each other by up to approximately 20% of their residues. Human IFN-beta, which is encoded by a single gene, is distantly related to the IFN-alpha famil...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Valenzuela D,Weber H,Weissmann C

更新日期：1985-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Enhancers are cis-acting control elements which can stimulate at a distance the activity of a variety of eukaryotic promoters. First identified as a repeated 72 base pair (bp) sequence upstream of the simian virus 40 (SV40) early gene promoter, enhancers have since been shown to be associated with numerous other viral...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Herr W,Gluzman Y

更新日期：1985-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:It is common knowledge that our feelings of alertness or drowsiness vary throughout the day. Indeed, this diurnal variation is so widely accepted that it has been used to validate the drowsy/alert component of activation obtained from mood adjective checklists. There is, however, some evidence from sleep deprivation a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Folkard S,Hume KI,Minors DS,Waterhouse JM,Watson FL

更新日期：1985-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The rat hippocampus receives a strong cholinergic innervation from the medial septum; information about the development and function of this pathway could help to elucidate the mechanisms of memory functions. Previous electrophysiological studies have shown that septal stimulation in vivo facilitates commissural and p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gahwiler BH,Brown DA

更新日期：1985-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal function depends crucially on the spatial segregation of specific membrane proteins, particularly the segregation associated with sites of synaptic contact. Understanding the factors governing this localization of proteins is a major goal of cellular neurobiology. A conspicuous example of synaptic specializat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Beam KG,Caldwell JH,Campbell DT

更新日期：1985-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor type I (TGF) are polypeptides of 53 and 50 amino acid residues, respectively. Both bind to EGF receptor, a 1,200-residue transmembranous glycoprotein, leading to phosphorylation of the receptor, enhancement of its tyrosine-specific kinase activity and ultima...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Brown JP,Twardzik DR,Marquardt H,Todaro GJ

更新日期：1985-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Japan's Ministry of Health will fund a major new heart transplantation project in an effort to resume heart transplants halted by a public outcry against the first such transplant 17 years ago. Opposition to organ donation, which has been attributed variously to Buddhist and Confucian views of the body and to Japanes...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Anderson A

更新日期：1985-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it has been proposed that the activation of T lymphocytes is mediated by an early rise in cytosolic calcium concentration, it has not been possible to mimic antigen- or mitogen-induced mouse lymphocyte activation by calcium ionophores that bypass receptor-mediated processes. There is now evidence from other s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Truneh A,Albert F,Golstein P,Schmitt-Verhulst AM

更新日期：1985-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Hereditary persistance of fetal haemoglobin (HPFH) is a benign condition characterized by the production in adulthood of more than 1% fetal haemoglobin (HbF, alpha 2 gamma 2) in the absence of erythropoietic stress. Several genetic types have been discerned based on the level of HbF produced, the relative contribution...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Collins FS,Metherall JE,Yamakawa M,Pan J,Weissman SM,Forget BG

更新日期：1985-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:About one-third of human breast cancers require hormones for their continued growth and endocrine ablation or anti-hormone therapy can cause regression of these tumours. As a consequence, ovariectomy in premenopausal women or administration of an anti-oestrogen (tamoxifen) in postmenopausal women represent major optio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miller WR,Scott WN,Morris R,Fraser HM,Sharpe RM

更新日期：1985-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The dispute among federal agencies over regulation of commercial biotechnology has been addressed in the Federal Register by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), which says the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee of the National Institutes of Health should continue to oversee biomedical research in this ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Beardsley T

更新日期：1985-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been known for some 50 years that birds use photoreceptors in or near the hypothalamus to mediate the photoperiodic responses that control seasonal breeding. So far, however, attempts to identify the photopigment by determining an action spectrum have failed. The problems stem from the selective filtering of li...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Foster RG,Follett BK,Lythgoe JN

更新日期：1985-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:T lymphocytes, essential for the generation of a normal immune response, require the presence of the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) in order to proliferate. Cells that respond to IL-2 possess a surface receptor glycoprotein specific for this lymphokine. We have recently purified and chemically characterized the IL-2 ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cosman D,Cerretti DP,Larsen A,Park L,March C,Dower S,Gillis S,Urdal D

更新日期：1984-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The T-cell receptor has been studied intensely over the past 10 years in an effort to understand the molecular basis for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted antigen recognition. The use of anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies to isolate and characterize the receptor from human and murine T-cell clones has...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sim GK,Yagüe J,Nelson J,Marrack P,Palmer E,Augustin A,Kappler J

更新日期：1984-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitin, a 76-residue protein, occurs in cells either free or covalently joined to a variety of protein species, from chromosomal histones to cytoplasmic proteins. Conjugation of ubiquitin to proteolytic substrates is essential for the selective degradation of intracellular proteins in higher eukaryotes. We show her...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ozkaynak E,Finley D,Varshavsky A

更新日期：1984-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:A major aim in immunology has been to understand how the immune system evokes characteristic responses to infection, foreign tissue grafts and tumours. The current view of immunoregulation is based mainly on studies of lymphocyte subsets, either in vitro or by adoptive transfer to irradiated recipients. Many reagents ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cobbold SP,Jayasuriya A,Nash A,Prospero TD,Waldmann H

更新日期：1984-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium-dependent protease (calcium protease) is apparently involved in a variety of cellular processes. Here we have attempted to clarify the role and regulatory mechanism of calcium protease by analysing its structure. The complete primary structure of calcium protease (relative molecular mass (Mr) 80,000 (80K), 705...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ohno S,Emori Y,Imajoh S,Kawasaki H,Kisaragi M,Suzuki K

更新日期：1984-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The human transcription factor Sp1 binds upstream of certain viral and cellular promoters and activates initiation of RNA synthesis from these promoters by RNA polymerase II. The Sp1 binding sites of both simian virus 40 and a related monkey promoter contain multiple copies of the sequence GGGCGG, three or four of the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gidoni D,Dynan WS,Tjian R

更新日期：1984-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Human T-cell receptors for antigen and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants have now been defined on inducer, suppressor, and class 1 and class 2 MHC-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes as T3-associated clonotypic molecules (Ti) of relative molecular mass 90,000 (90K) composed of one 49-54K alpha- and one ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fabbi M,Acuto O,Smart JE,Reinherz EL

更新日期：1984-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:T-cell lines established from individuals infected with human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV) or generated by co-cultivation of normal human T cells with HTLV-infected T-cells, express class II (HLA-D/DR or Ia) antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors. Because the express...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Suciu-Foca N,Rubinstein P,Popovic M,Gallo RC,King DW

更新日期：1984-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:7SL RNA is an abundant cytoplasmic RNA which functions in protein secretion as a component of the signal recognition particle. Alu sequences are the most abundant family of human and rodent middle repetitive DNA sequences (reviewed in ref. 2). The primary structure of human 7SL RNA consists of an Alu sequence interrup...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ullu E,Tschudi C

更新日期：1984-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle actin genes are the earliest yet described to show cell type-specific activation in amphibian embryos. Gene-specific probes show that alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actin genes start to be transcribed simultaneously at the end of gastrulation, but only in those regions of the mesoderm that subsequently form e...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mohun TJ,Brennan S,Dathan N,Fairman S,Gurdon JB

更新日期：1984-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigenic variation in the haemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of influenza virus is associated with recurrent epidemics of respiratory disease in man (for review see ref. 1). We have examined the size of structural changes necessary to alter the antigenicity of HA by determining the three-dimensional structure of the HA...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Knossow M,Daniels RS,Douglas AR,Skehel JJ,Wiley DC

更新日期：1984-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic GMP has been implicated as a messenger molecule involved in visual transduction. Photoexcited rhodopsin (R*) binds to a multisubunit membrane protein called transducin (T) and stimulates the exchange of a bound GDP molecule for GTP. This leads to the release of the alpha-subunit of T with bound GTP (T alpha-GTP...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vuong TM,Chabre M,Stryer L

更新日期：1984-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast to double-stranded DNA, there has so far been little evidence that double-stranded RNA can undergo major conformational transitions. We have investigated the conformation in different conditions of the double-stranded RNA molecule poly(G-C).poly(G-C), by NMR, circular dichroism and absorbance spectroscopy....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hall K,Cruz P,Tinoco I Jr,Jovin TM,van de Sande JH

更新日期：1984-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:It is known that glucose-induced depolarization of pancreatic B-cells is due to reduced membrane K+-permeability and is coupled to an increase in the rate of glycolysis, but there has been no direct evidence linking specific metabolic processes or products to the closing of membrane K+ channels. During patch-clamp stu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cook DL,Hales CN

更新日期：1984-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The establishment of embryonic polarity is a crucial step in pattern formation and morphogenesis. In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, embryonic polarity depends primarily on genes expressed in the female during oogenesis. Mutations in these 'maternal effect' genes can lead to major disruptions in normal pattern f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Steward R,McNally FJ,Schedl P

更新日期：1984-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell surface molecules have been implicated in cell interactions which underlie formation of the nervous system. The analysis of the functional properties of such molecules has profited from the combined use of antibodies and cell culture systems. It has been suggested that the interplay between these molecules modula...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kruse J,Mailhammer R,Wernecke H,Faissner A,Sommer I,Goridis C,Schachner M

更新日期：1984-09-13 00:00:00